CAPD and ADHD

Could It Be More Than ADHD?

Though they share overlapping traits including being easily distracted, trouble following instructions, experiencing anxiety, and fatigue at the end of the day, they are distinct conditions that require separate evaluations and different approaches to support.

Why They Are Easily Confused

Because CAPD and ADHD can look almost identical, misdiagnosis is common. A child who has difficulty paying attention in school may be identified as having ADHD whenCAPD is actually the cause, or both conditions may exist at the same time.

As early as 1992, Dr. William Keller cautioned that a diagnosis of ADHD should not be made without first ruling out the possibility that CAPD might be mimickingit. More recent research has helped clarify the distinction: individuals withCAPD often show signs of inattention and distractibility specifically when background noise is present, but not in quiet environments (Chermak &Bellis, 2014). This is a key distinction between the two conditions.

They Require Different Specialists

ADHD is typically diagnosed by a pediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist. Since the common traits of ADHD and CAPD overlap, if a professional is making a diagnosis of ADHD solely on these characteristics, CAPD may get missed. CAPD requires a separate evaluation by an audiologist with specialized training in central auditory processing.

Signs a CAPD Evaluation May Be Warranted

Consider pursuing a CAPD evaluation if any of the following apply:

• ADHD intervention is not fully effective. If an individual continues to struggle with listening, focus, or following verbal instructions despite ADHD treatment, CAPD may also be a contributing factor.
• Classroom difficulties persist. Trouble following auditory instructions and/or being easily distracted can indicate CAPD.
• Sounds feel distracting and/or overwhelming. CAPD makes it difficult to filter competing background noise making it more challenging to complete work. Noisy places are often more overwhelming and exhausting, and even fun settings such as birthday parties and family holidays can be challenging.
• Social or emotional frustration is present. The sustained effort required to process sound can lead to exhaustion, withdrawal, or being perceived as disengaged. When auditory input becomes overwhelming, children may shut down or act out, not out of defiance, but out of auditory overload. These individuals may also prefer one-on-one vs. group situations.
• Difficulty completing work. When students don’t understand or miss part of an assignment, it is more difficult to complete the work. Difficulty filtering background noises also impacts completion of work.

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A Note for Families

You know yourself and your child better than anyone. If you feel something is being overlooked, advocating for a thorough evaluation is always appropriate. With accurate diagnosis and appropriate support, individuals with CAPD and ADHD can learn and better thrive in their daily environments.